A lot of the World Considers This to Be a Impolite Eating Behavior. Are You Responsible?

Wherever on the planet she is, Clarissa Wei not often takes the final piece of meals for herself.  

Wei, a journalist, cookbook creator, and Critical Eats contributor from Los Angeles who presently lives in Taipei, grew up sharing ample meals together with her dad and mom and youthful brother. “There was at all times a vegetable, a fish, a protein, a meat, fruit,” she says. “It might be approach an excessive amount of for simply 4 folks.”

Her dad and mom, Taiwanese immigrants who got here to america within the Eighties whereas Taiwan was within the midst of an financial increase—a.okay.a the Taiwan Miracle—“didn’t have any cash in any respect” rising up, says Wei. The ample meals of Wei’s childhood have been, she feels, a approach of overcompensating for that still-fresh reminiscence of shortage. 

“Once you’re cooking a meal for folks in Taiwanese and Chinese language tradition, or among the many Chinese language diaspora, most individuals overcook—particularly nowadays when we now have a lot abundance,” says Wei. In these cultures, “a hospitable [host] is somebody who provides you extra meals than you possibly can deal with.” However on the similar time, consuming the final piece dangers offending the host, Wei explains—insinuating that you just’re nonetheless hungry and that the host hasn’t supplied sufficient meals.

This oft-unspoken rule is about as common because it will get in the case of meals associated etiquette. In components of Spain, that final morsel is called la/el de la vergüenza; in Germany, it’s das Anstandsstück, or das Anstandsrest; schaambrokje within the Netherlands; trivselbit in Sweden; and so forth, with the phrase itself normally translating to some model of “the decency piece” or “the disgrace.” Simply as usually, nevertheless, there’s no identify for it in any respect—comparable to in Minnesota, the place comically small bites of meals will usually go uneaten for politeness’ sake.

So how precisely does one reconcile the truth that this rule exists in so many cultures—particularly ones so geographically and culturally distant from each other?

Krishnendu Ray, scholar and director of the New York College Meals Research PhD program, presents a few theories—one among which ties on to his personal life. Rising up in a middle-class household in India, Ray lived “in very shut proximity to people who find themselves hungry,” he says. In consequence, “one of many guidelines of etiquette was you by no means take the final morsel, since you don’t know who else is hungry,” he explains.

Ray, who has spent years dwelling overseas in international locations like Italy, theorizes that in cultures decimated by conflict, colonialism, or different main social upheaval, taking the final piece can really feel like a serious transgression. His shut European mates—in addition to their dad and mom or grandparents—“at all times have a proximate reminiscence of starvation,” says Ray, which he attributes to the enduring affect and generational trauma of two World Wars. In distinction, Ray says, his son—who has had a snug upbringing in New York, with “no identifiable sense of shortage”—will take the final piece with out hesitating.

In some circumstances, the rule of the final morsel might harken again even additional than World Conflict I. In her guide, Past Bratwurst: A Historical past of Meals in Germany, meals historian Ursula Heinzelmann writes, “Till the mid-twelfth century, serving monumental quantities of meals and entertaining massive teams was a sign of elevated social rank. Thereafter, presumably as a result of the decrease lessons might more and more afford sufficient to fulfill their starvation, overly hearty consuming was frowned upon by the aristocracy.”

Heinzelmann, who was born in West Berlin in 1963, was herself raised by no means to take das Anstandsstück. “With an honest upbringing, you understand to not seize, greedily, for the final piece of cake, or no matter there’s on the desk,” she says. It’s one thing that “anybody with a ‘good’ household background and upbringing would have skilled, nearly like to not fart or belch.”

In Italy, Fabio Parasecoli, creator and professor of meals research at NYU’s Steinhardt College, discovered an analogous system of etiquette from his dad and mom and grandparents. Parasecoli grew up within the Nineteen Sixties, throughout Italy’s “financial miracle”—a interval of fast financial development just like the one Wei’s dad and mom witnessed in Taiwan. Throughout this era, Parasecoli writes in his guide Al Dente: A Historical past of Meals in Italy, many Italians skilled monetary stability for the very first time. This included entry to reasonably priced and ample meals—a lot of it out there at supermarkets, an American innovation that was launched to Italy in 1957.

Even amidst this abundance, losing even a chunk of meals nonetheless felt unthinkable to folks like Parasecoli’s grandmother. “Why aren’t you consuming all your meals?” Parasecoli recollects his grandmother—who lived by way of each World Wars—asking. “Are you leaving la creanza?”­ 

La creanza—actually, “the nice manners”—refers to that final piece on the plate. This was executed, Parasecoli says, “fare una bella figura,” or to depart a very good impression and present that you just’re not anxious about going hungry, he­ explains. ­The unstated rule of leaving the final piece stays even now, when starvation is much much less prevalent than it was throughout wartime, says Parasecoli. “It’s type of a leftover of a previous the place shortage was a actuality.” Nonetheless, he explains, “there’s at all times a stress—particularly for folks of older generations—between the will of showing well mannered, and the avoidance of waste.”

This final little piece is nearly by no means thrown away, nevertheless. In Ray’s case, notably when he would eat dinner together with his household in Delhi, he mentioned, “everybody form of averted taking the final bit, a lot in order that mainly, within the fridge you will have these little bowls of meals leftover.” 

At Chinese language and Taiwanese dinner tables, Wei defined, the perfect transfer is to not eat the final piece your self, however to supply it to every particular person visitor. “Say there’s one piece of hen left–you supply it to your good friend, you supply it to whomever is on the desk.” To do in any other case could be “extremely impolite,” says Wei. 

Gender additionally performs a job on this unstated rule of desk etiquette. Creator and meals scholar Darra Goldstein says that an previous American perception taught women by no means to take the final piece, lest they wind up single—i.e., develop into an previous maid. To Goldstein, this perception seemingly speaks to each the actual scrutiny positioned on a lady’s habits, and to “dad and mom’ deeper fears about their kid’s future.” 

In Italy, “girls would depart extra meals for his or her youngsters and for the person,” says Parasecoli. Whereas this habits hasn’t fully disappeared, he explains, the abundance of meals now out there in Italy—a minimum of in comparison with pre-economic miracle days—has made it far much less prevalent. 

Anita Mannur, Director of Asia, Pacific, and Diaspora Research at American College, grew up aware of an analogous set of gender guidelines. Amongst her prolonged household in India, the place Mannur spent a portion of her childhood, “the ladies would at all times eat second, and the boys and the youngsters would eat first,” she says. In Mannur’s personal home, nevertheless, these guidelines have been barely subverted. Mannur’s mom, who grew up in India, insisted that the final piece go to the youngest, regardless of the gender. “She was like, ‘I need you to consider different folks, have humility, however not since you’re a lady.’” 

Within the Philippines, the place author and historian Adrian De Leon lived earlier than immigrating to Toronto at age six, anybody taking the final piece with out asking others might invite the Tagalog pejorative “walang hiya”—translating, roughly, to “you don’t have any disgrace.” In line with a TikTok video posted by the Philippines-based on-line publication, When in Manila, “Taking it implies that you’re thoughtless, you don’t share, and that you just don’t respect anybody else within the room.” Whereas the video comes off as barely hyperbolic, De Leon says it rings true. “I’ve by no means heard it referred to as that, however I do know precisely what he’s speaking about.”

Walang hiya additionally extends into almost all spheres of public Filipino, particularly Tagalog, life. De Leon was taught that no matter he did outdoors the house mirrored how his dad and mom—notably his father—raised him. “After I began going to remedy, it was truly very shameful—it was walang hiya,” says De Leon. “‘Are you not ashamed that any person will know our secrets and techniques?’” he remembers his father asking him. An individual may also be referred to as walang hiya if they freely specific queer or trans id, or, as De Leon explains, in the event that they by some means act “further”—overly loud or expressive—in public.

As for the final morsel, it could possibly be one thing as coveted because the fish head—one among De Leon’s favorites—or as primary because the “sliver of rice” that his mom would usually depart on her plate. Selecting whether or not to take it’s a fixed wrestle—particularly as an grownup, De Leon explains. “I take a look at that piece of fish, and I’m like ‘I wish to end that!’” he says. “[But] I’ll nonetheless discover myself not desirous to do it [around family].”

Wei feels an analogous ambivalence: “I’ve this inside battle generally the place it’s like my American aspect vs. my Taiwanese aspect, the place generally I’ll simply take the final piece, and be like ‘you understand what, I don’t care!’” she says. When eating with all Taiwanese folks, nevertheless, “I undoubtedly don’t take the final piece.” 

Some folks, then again, by no means even encounter this rule. Amy Besa—co-owner of the longtime Brooklyn restaurant Purple Yam, which closed in the course of the summer season of 2024 resulting from Besa and her husband’s retirement—grew up within the Philippines previous to the nation’s interval of martial legislation, which ran from 1972 to 1981. Besa by no means had any hiya (disgrace) round meals whereas rising up. “That appears so adverse!” says Besa.

In Besa’s case, it could have one thing to do with household measurement, she theorizes. Her older brothers moved out when she was younger, so it was normally simply her and her dad and mom on the dinner desk, with no use for rationing; meals was primarily a supply of pleasure. “For me, consuming is such a contented approach of communing with folks, proper?” she says. “So if any person needs to eat rather a lot, then hey, nice!”

In so some ways, that final chunk of meals symbolizes the wealthy, complicated, usually paradoxical dynamics at play once we eat with others. Meals, Parasecoli explains, “is the place you negotiate your id, your social relations, your standing, your recollections.” The dinner desk is a spot the place Mannur’s mom can select to subvert inscribed gender guidelines and provides the final piece of meals to her youngest daughter; it’s the place Wei can resolve to present the final piece of fruit to her son “out of affection,” slightly than a way of internalized disgrace, she says. 

Regardless of these fixed negotiations, consuming dinner with a bunch doesn’t have to really feel fraught. Each time De Leon’s household goes to dinner with their shut household mates, “We all know that Tita makes hella meals,” he says, utilizing the Tagalog phrase for aunt or auntie. “And we’re going to freaking get pleasure from it it doesn’t matter what. And we’re going to take some house if we don’t end it.”