A Information to Varieties of Melons

When melons are on the peak of their season in late summer time, you will discover them at native farm stands and markets in a pleasant selection and abundance. Whether or not sliced for snacking, blended right into a refreshing melon drink, added to salads, and even grilled, they’re versatile and stuffed with taste. 

Having grown up on grocery store meals within the ‘90s, I didn’t see a lot by the use of melon range. I had tasted the usual cantaloupes and honeydews, however at the same time as a baby, I turned my nostril at super-sweet fruits and insisted I didn’t like melons. Give me crisp. Give me tart—I’m a sucker for a little bit pucker. Later, whereas touring in Asia and Europe, I used to be romanced by melons that regarded nothing like those at dwelling. Some resembled pumpkins, some have been colorfully striped, and lots of have been completely bursting with the assorted taste nuances I craved in fruit, from bittersweet to inexperienced and earthy. At present, I’m sport to attempt any new melon I meet.

Given what number of types of melons there are, do your self a favor the subsequent time you are on the market and choose one up, even (or maybe particularly) if it seems completely different from what you’re used to seeing. “Don’t restrict your self to what’s accessible on the grocery retailer,” says chef Thomas Trainor, a lecturing teacher on the Culinary Institute of America. “Take a look at your native farmers marketplace for recent, seasonal choices. And go to an Asian grocery retailer in your space for excellent choices past the watermelon, cantaloupe, and honeydew.”

Trainor provides that melons stand out in candy and savory purposes, “will be added as a recent chew to raise many dishes,” and “have a singular capability to cross into many various cuisines and types.” Plus, they can be utilized at or earlier than peak ripeness with equally scrumptious outcomes. That can assist you benefit from the summer time fruit, we’ve put collectively this information to some standard (and lesser-known) melon varieties and tips on how to finest use them.

What Is a Melon?

Melons are a sun-loving fruit that develop on trailing vines. “They like to develop in locations which have heat temperatures and plenty of solar, so photosynthesis sends sugars to the fruit,” says Penelope Perkins-Veazie, PhD, a professor of horticultural science and specialist in postharvest produce at North Carolina State College. She notes that cool nights are additionally important to assist maintain the sugars within the fruit.

All melons belong to the gourd household Cucurbitaceae—meaning they share a lot in frequent with cucumbers and each summer time and winter squash. What differentiates them is sugar and tender flesh. “The sugar content material in these candy melons is between 8% and 16% versus the three% to 4% in squash,” says Perkins-Veazie. “Melons even have much more free water content material.” That means, they’re refreshingly juicy!

Breakfast & Brunch

Contemporary Cantaloupe and Honeydew Salad With Lemon and Thyme

The Cucurbitaceae household splits into 4 genera, two of that are the candy melons: citrullus lanatus and cucumis melo. 

The citrullus genera contains fruit with seeds unfold all through, like watermelon. The extra generally grown cucumis melo have a central seed cavity, like cantaloupes and honeydew, and are literally extra intently associated to cucumbers than to watermelons. Watermelons have been initially cultivated in Africa and got here to the Americas by way of European colonists and the slave commerce, whereas melons got here from Southwest Asia and unfold by way of Europe earlier than making their option to the colonies within the late sixteenth century.

Varieties of Melons

“There’s an infinite variety of melons, and most of the people should not accustomed to the extraordinary range,” says Amy Goldman, an heirloom seed preservationist and writer of The Melon. “Farmers and novice breeders have developed a whole bunch of sorts over a whole bunch of years, and I feel there is a melon for everyone, for each inclination.”

Goldman explains that melons have 16 horticulture teams. The melons we’re most accustomed to within the US usually settle into certainly one of two teams. 

• The inodorous group, a.okay.a. winter melons or casabas, is understood for being extraordinarily candy however not so aromatic till sliced open. The thick rinds that permit them to be saved properly for a number of months additionally make them lack aroma. These melons are usually bigger and take longer to develop, so that you’ll see them later in the summertime or in early fall.
• The reticulatus group, a.okay.a. muskmelons, may be very fragrant however has a brief shelf life. 
• Watermelons don’t have any horticultural teams, however Goldman says there’s lots of range there, too, which is usually lacking on the grocery store.

Relating to sweetness ranges, the trade measures melons in levels of Brix utilizing a refractometer machine. Goldman says a studying of 11 levels or extra will put a smile in your face. Under is an summary of 10 melon varieties—just a few requirements you’ll discover at any grocery store, in addition to a number of specialties that you could be see at native markets, farm stands, or Asian grocers.

Cantaloupe

Origin: Persia and western Asia
Group: Reticulatus
Coloration: Beige-yellow rind, orange flesh
Taste: Sturdy musky aroma and candy like honey
Texture: Dense
Sugar Content material: 10-11° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Pair with cured meats, black pepper, celery, or mint.

The melon Individuals name cantaloupe is technically a muskmelon—a melon group characterised by a strong musky aroma and a raised netting sample or deep grooves on their pores and skin. 

The orange flesh that’s subtly candy like honey is commonly utilized in fruit salads and desserts, however Trainor says cantaloupe pairs exceptionally properly with salty objects and advantages from a shiny, recent herb like mint or basil. “An acidic French dressing may also assist improve the flavour of the melon,” he says. “An amazing instance of that is the basic Italian melon and prosciutto salad.” Or step it up by pairing melon with with jamón serrano. 

An instance of a real cantaloupe is the extremely aromatic charentais, which is frequent in Europe. “This melon has lovely flesh and a distinguished stage of sweetness,” says Trainor. “Simply eat it as is or with a pinch of salt to convey it to the subsequent stage.”

Honeydew

Origin: Western Africa and western Asia
Group: Inodorous
Coloration: Creamy yellow rind, pale inexperienced flesh
Taste: Candy like honey and vegetal
Texture: Easy and tender
Sugar Content material: 11-12° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Pair with cilantro, cucumbers, fish, mint, or salty ham. Nice in fruit salads and as a base for chilled soups and drinks, like a Pimm’s cup.

Honeydew is likely one of the sweetest melons round. It’s an inodorus wintermelon, which is much less fragrant than cantaloupe however provides a candy, refreshing taste. Just like cantaloupe, the seeds are positioned within the heart channel. These seeds are edible, like pumpkin seeds, so you may roast and salt them for snacking.

“Honeydew pairs amazingly with citrus and spice,” says Trainor. “The basic Mexican fruta con chile can be a incredible manner to make use of honeydew. Simply high the melon with a spiced chile combination, like Tajín, and lime juice.”

Watermelon

Origin: Northeastern Africa
Coloration: Inexperienced rind, crimson or yellow flesh
Taste: Juicy and candy
Texture: Crisp, grainy, watery construction that compresses once you eat it
Sugar Content material: 10-11° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Grill, pair with salty cheese, purée to make a beverage, pickle the rind.

Watermelons fluctuate in dimension and look however are usually rectangular with a clean, darkish inexperienced rind and light-weight inexperienced stripes. They’re a extra distant relative to the opposite melons on this listing. Heirloom varieties might function completely different rind colour patterns and flesh that ranges from white and yellow to crimson and pink. The standard grocery store watermelons function stripes on the rind and a shiny crimson seedless inside.

Seedless variations of the fruit are created by treating younger crops with a chemical that causes the plant to provide fruits with nonviable seeds that don’t develop a fibrous black coating. Perkins-Veazie says 97 to 98% of watermelons are seedless now. “It’s humorous, now it’s the seeded ones that fetch a premium worth.” That’s as a result of seeded melons are sometimes sweeter.

When you don’t thoughts some seed spitting, purchase your watermelons at a farm stand. They are going to virtually at all times be sweeter. “My prospects inform me our melons are the most effective they’ve ever tasted,” says Ashley Armstrong, a fourth-generation farmer and proprietor of Armstrong Farms in Bastrop, Louisiana. “The Summer season Taste 720 we develop is difficult to beat,” she says of a range that may be each seeded or seedless. “I am unable to go within the retailer and purchase melons anymore as a result of they do not style the identical, and I do not wish to disappoint myself.”

“Watermelons style nice with salty cheese,” says Trainor, like on this watermelon and feta salad. “You possibly can additionally compress it with a meals saver or vacuum sealer with high-end olive oil and a few soy and make a pleasant fake tuna dish.” Or maintain it easy and purée it into watermelon margaritas or limeade. “I like an excellent watermelon as a result of it’s so versatile,” says Trainor. “Each a part of the watermelon is edible, so pickled watermelon rind is a pleasant bonus.”

Canary

Origin: Persia
Group: Inodorous
Coloration: Shiny yellow rind, white flesh
Taste: Sugary, tangy, and tropical tasting, with hints of coconut and keenness fruit
Texture: Tender and supple
Sugar Content material: 12° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Chilly soups or salads, and with herbs akin to basil, mint, and cilantro.

Canary melons, also called amarillo, are football-shaped muskmelons with a clean pores and skin that’s a little bit wrinkled. “They flip shiny yellow when ripe, so it’s simple to know after they’re prepared,” says Perkins-Veazie. The white flesh is Asian pear–like in texture with an umami-rich depth of taste. Nearer to the rind, you’ll get a little bit of tartness, with virtually citrusy or ardour fruit notes. Not like many different muskmelons, the canary comprises a lot much less of an overwhelming musky scent, so it could possibly complement all kinds of elements. Trainor says it’s a terrific addition to a fruit salad. Search for the canary melon in Asian grocers, farmers markets, or specialty shops.

Galia

Origin: Israel
Group: Hybrid
Coloration: Beige-yellow rind, pale inexperienced flesh
Taste: Like an extra-sweet honeydew
Texture: Easy and tender, like honeydew
Sugar Content material: 14° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Chilled with a sprinkling of sea salt.

Galia melon is a hybrid of cantaloupe and honeydew melon, however barely smaller and sweeter than each. It’s lined in a netted rind like a cantaloupe however with juicy inexperienced flesh like a honeydew. Like a cantaloupe, the rind will flip from inexperienced to golden when it is ripe. Take pleasure in it as you’d cantaloupe or honeydew, or serve it chilled with sea salt.

Ivory Gaya

Origin: Japan
Group: Inodorous
Coloration: Ivory rind with inexperienced spots and stripes, white flesh
Taste: Mildly candy with inexperienced vegetal taste, with notes of cucumber and under-ripe pear
Texture: Agency, densely packed, and lusciously tender
Sugar Content material: 11° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Sprinkled with lemon or lime juice or added to a fruit salad

The ivory gaya melon, also called snow leopard, is a small muskmelon with an rectangular form, a clean rind with variegated streaks and speckles, and agency white flesh. Its flesh has a crisp consistency nearer to the pores and skin and a softer, juicier taste close to the seeded core. This selection will be difficult to seek out, however search for it at farmers markets and Asian grocers.

The melon’s crisp consistency permits it to be eaten as-is, or sprinkled with lemon or lime juice to reinforce the flavour. You can too wrap it in salty cured meats as an appetizer or mix it into smoothies, juices, and cocktails. 

Because the melon is small, you may slice it and use the melon halves as particular person serving bowls stuffed with cottage cheese or yogurt and granola. Ivory Gaya melons additionally pair properly with different fruits, akin to berries, citrus, and kiwi, making it an important addition to a fruit salad.

Hami

Origin: Northwestern China
Group: Ameri
Coloration: Yellow rind, mild orange flesh
Taste: Delicate floral sweetness, refined Asian pear 
Texture: Crisp and watery, like a watermelon
Sugar Content material: 11° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Slice and eat or use instead of cantaloupe.

The Hami is a bigger melon that’s also called the Asian muskmelon. It is golden yellow with refined netting, rectangular in form, and identified for its nice floral sweetness. It tastes like a cantaloupe however with the feel of an Asian pear or jicama. The flavour may be very delicate and refined however fragrant and blossomy. Discover this melon at Asian grocers.

The Hami melon is superb merely sliced and eaten as-is, or attempt utilizing it to make a melon liqueur or syrup. “Melon syrup works nice along with, or as a substitute of, Midori and is often not as candy,” says Trainor. “I’ve additionally used it as a dessert sauce or flavoring for glowing water.” 

Crenshaw

Origin: Turkey
Group: Inodorous
Coloration: Yellow-green rind, pale orange flesh
Taste: Candy and barely peppery with slight cucumber notes
Texture: Dense and chewy, virtually gummy
Sugar Content material: 10° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Grilled, sprinkled with chili flakes.

Crenshaw melons, a.okay.a. Crane melons, are a sort of enormous cantaloupe. They bear a candy, vegetal, and floral aroma. The flesh is dense and barely spicy. Their rind is thick and darkish inexperienced when younger however turns golden yellow or yellowish inexperienced when ripe and has a waxy really feel. They’re oval-shaped however taper to some extent on the stem finish. Discover crenshaw melons in late summer time at farmers markets or specialty shops.

Trainor needs individuals to see melons extra as a cooking fruit versus one thing you’d simply eat uncooked, and the crenshaw is an instance of a melon that’s sturdy sufficient to face as much as mild cooking, like kissed on the grill for a savory-sweet taste. “An enormous motive to prepare dinner melons is to accentuate or add taste,” he says. “I really feel we’ll see cooked melons begin to take off within the culinary scene the identical manner we now have seen a surge in cooked stone fruits, like grilled peaches, mango salsa, and poached plums.”

Korean

Origin: Korea
Group: Makuwa
Coloration: Striped yellow rind, white flesh
Taste: Delicately candy and fragrant with a barely bitter rind
Texture: Crisp
Sugar Content material: 12° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Chilled and sliced.

Korean melons are smallish fruits with an rectangular form. They’re generally known as Chamoe in Korea, however they’re generally labeled as Oriental melons in Western markets. They’ve a skinny, edible rind and intense aroma. Like cucumber seeds, the seeds of the Chamoe have an aqueous membrane round them. “The flesh is shiny white with an exquisite crispness,” says Goldman. Korean melons have a fragile floral, candy, and subtly vegetal taste that’s properly suited to chilled, recent preparations. Some shoppers discard the pores and skin resulting from its bitter nature, however others take pleasure in the way it balances the candy flesh. 

Santa Claus

Origin: Turkey
Group: Inodorous
Coloration: Yellow-green rind, white to yellowish-green flesh
Taste: Clear and mildly candy, with an earthy high quality
Texture: Tender, tender, and spongy
Sugar Content material: 9° Brix
Greatest Makes use of: Paired with salumi, blue cheese, and Marcona almonds or puréed into chilled soups, like gazpacho.

The Santa Claus melon, also called the Christmas melon, is harvested across the finish of summer time to early fall. It has an extended shelf life, about two months, so it could possibly nonetheless be on the shop cabinets through the vacation season, therefore its festive identify.

The melon’s rind is thick, laborious, wrinkled, and tough, lined in textured striping and mottling. When the melons are younger, the rind is inexperienced, and because the fruit ripens, the rind transforms right into a shiny yellow hue. The flesh ranges in colour from white to pale inexperienced and is clean, tender, and tender with a succulent consistency. It tastes refreshing and candy with a subtly earthy nuance. Santa Claus melons is not going to emit a powerful aroma when entire resulting from their thick rind, however as soon as sliced, they launch a aromatic scent.  

This can be a good melon for making a chilly soup. In La Mancha, a area in Spain, an identical melon referred to as piel de sapo (translation: toad pores and skin) is utilized in a twist on gazpacho. Trainor says he likes to tweak cooking strategies to create distinct melon-based gazpachos—smoking, grilling, salting, and dehydrating are all processes that can change the flavour and texture of a melon and yield a singular soup each time.

Heirloom Varieties

There are a whole bunch extra heirloom types of melons—some candy and a few not—that individuals like Goldman propagate. Search them out at specialty markets and farms or develop them your self. Goldman recommends perusing seeds on the Seed Savers Change, a nonprofit seed-saving group.